Although payments to smallholder tea growers in Kenya in 2016 was reportedly among the highest in the world (75 percent of the auction prices), the decline in productivity among other factors, culminated into drastic changes in the earnings in the sector. The objectives of the study were twofold: 1. To determine the causes of decline in smallholder tea productivity and to assess the viability of a tea replanting program leading to increased productivity and stable household incomes and 2. To identify alternative enterprises to tea and diversification strategies that would help tea farmers to mitigate risks emanating from market related shocks